A review of near-limit opposed fire spread

Creeping fire spread under opposed airflow is a classic fundamental research problem involving heat transfer, fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, and strongly dependent on environmental factors. Persistent over the last 50 years has established solid framework for different fire-spread processes, but new phenomena recent developments continue to challenge our current understanding inspire future areas. In this review, we revisit of limited excessive oxygen supply. Various near-limit phenomena, as recently observed in flaming, smoldering, glowing various environment fuel configurations, are reviewed detail. Particularly, aspects apparent importance, such transition heterogenous chemistry, highlighted, valuable problems suggested.